RQ: 4.1-4.3

Front

What do many signaling pathways ultimately regulate in the nucleus?

Back

Genes

Front

What is a signaling molecule often referred to as?

Back

Ligand

Front

What is the term for the response that involves preparing the body to either fight or flee?

Back

Fight-or-flight

Front

What type of pathway is the transduction stage of cell signaling usually?

Back

Multistep

Front

What type of molecules can easily cross the membrane due to their properties?

Back

Hydrophobic molecules

Front

What is the role of a ligand in cell signaling?

Back

A ligand binds to a receptor to initiate a cellular response.

Front

What is the difference between hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules in terms of membrane crossing?

Back

Hydrophobic molecules can cross the membrane easily, while hydrophilic molecules cannot.

Front

What is the significance of gene regulation in protein synthesis?

Back

Gene regulation determines which proteins are produced in a cell, affecting its function.

Front

What is a common example of a signaling pathway in the human body?

Back

The insulin signaling pathway.

Front

What is the function of receptors in cell signaling?

Back

Receptors bind to signaling molecules (ligands) and trigger a response in the cell.