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What is an element?

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An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. Examples include hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), and gold (Au).

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What is a compound?

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A compound is a substance formed when two or more elements chemically bond together in fixed proportions. Examples include water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2).

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What is a mixture?

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A mixture is a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded. Mixtures can be homogeneous (uniform composition) or heterogeneous (distinct phases).

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What is a homogeneous mixture?

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A homogeneous mixture is a mixture that has a uniform composition throughout. An example is saltwater, where the salt is evenly dissolved in water.

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What is a heterogeneous mixture?

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A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture that has a non-uniform composition. An example is a salad, where the individual ingredients can be seen and separated.

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What is a solution?

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A solution is a type of homogeneous mixture where one substance (the solute) is dissolved in another (the solvent). An example is sugar dissolved in water.

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What is the difference between a pure substance and a mixture?

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A pure substance has a constant composition and distinct properties, while a mixture contains two or more substances that retain their individual properties.

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How can mixtures be separated?

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Mixtures can be separated by physical methods such as filtration, distillation, or chromatography, as the components retain their individual properties.

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What is the law of definite proportions?

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The law of definite proportions states that a chemical compound always contains its component elements in fixed ratio by mass.

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What is the law of multiple proportions?

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The law of multiple proportions states that when two elements form more than one compound, the ratios of the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other are in small whole numbers.