Inductive & Deductive

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What is deductive reasoning?

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Deductive reasoning is a logical process where a conclusion is drawn from a set of premises that are generally assumed to be true. It involves applying general principles to specific cases.

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What is inductive reasoning?

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Inductive reasoning is a logical process where generalizations are made based on specific observations or examples. It involves observing patterns and making conjectures.

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Example of deductive reasoning: All mammals have lungs. A dog is a mammal. Therefore, a dog has lungs. What type of reasoning is this?

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Deductive

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Example of inductive reasoning: The sun has risen in the east every day of my life. Therefore, the sun will rise in the east tomorrow. What type of reasoning is this?

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Inductive

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What is a key characteristic of deductive reasoning?

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It starts with general statements or hypotheses and deduces specific conclusions.

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What is a key characteristic of inductive reasoning?

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It starts with specific observations and builds up to a general conclusion.

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In deductive reasoning, if the premises are true, what can be said about the conclusion?

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The conclusion must also be true.

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In inductive reasoning, if the premises are true, what can be said about the conclusion?

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The conclusion is likely to be true, but not guaranteed.

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What is an example of a deductive argument?

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All humans are mortal. Socrates is a human. Therefore, Socrates is mortal.

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What is an example of an inductive argument?

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Every swan I have seen is white. Therefore, all swans are probably white.