AP Biology Unit 4: Cell Communication and Cell Cycle REVIEW

Front

What is a ligand?

Back

A small molecule that specifically binds to another molecule, usually a larger one.

Front

How do cells communicate in response to signals?

Back

Cells may alter activities by changes in cytosol activity or in transcription of RNA.

Front

Which hormone is most directly related to osmoregulation?

Back

ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone) is most directly related to osmoregulation.

Front

What is the role of secondary messengers like cAMP?

Back

They relay and amplify a signal from the outside to the inside of the cell.

Front

What type of feedback does the release of ADH represent when dehydrated?

Back

Negative feedback.

Front

Define cell communication.

Back

The process by which cells send and receive signals to coordinate their activities.

Front

What is the function of signal transducers?

Back

Molecules that convert a signal from one form to another, often facilitating communication between cells.

Front

What is the difference between positive and negative feedback?

Back

Positive feedback amplifies a response, while negative feedback reduces or dampens a response.

Front

What is osmoregulation?

Back

The process by which organisms regulate the water and electrolyte balance in their bodies.

Front

What is the significance of receptor proteins in cell communication?

Back

Receptor proteins bind to ligands and initiate a cellular response.