Ch 2: Logical Reasoning Review

Front

What is inductive reasoning?

Back

Inductive reasoning is a type of logical reasoning that involves making generalizations based on specific observations or examples. For instance, observing that all seen chickens are brown and concluding that all chickens are brown is an example of inductive reasoning.

Front

What are corresponding angles?

Back

Corresponding angles are pairs of angles that are in the same position on two parallel lines cut by a transversal. They are equal in measure.

Front

What is a counterexample?

Back

A counterexample is an example that disproves a statement or proposition. For instance, the number 42 is a counterexample to the statement 'All numbers that are divisible by 2 are divisible by 4' because 42 is divisible by 2 but not by 4.

Front

Why is the definition 'A bird is an animal that flies' not a good definition?

Back

This definition is not good because it is not reversible; not all animals that fly are birds (e.g., bats, insects). A good definition should be precise and applicable in both directions.

Front

What are alternate interior angles?

Back

Alternate interior angles are pairs of angles that lie between two parallel lines and on opposite sides of a transversal. They are equal in measure.

Front

What is deductive reasoning?

Back

Deductive reasoning is a logical process where a conclusion is based on the concordance of multiple premises that are generally assumed to be true. It moves from general principles to specific cases.

Front

What is the difference between inductive and deductive reasoning?

Back

Inductive reasoning makes broad generalizations from specific observations, while deductive reasoning starts with general statements and deduces specific conclusions.

Front

What are alternate exterior angles?

Back

Alternate exterior angles are pairs of angles that lie outside two parallel lines and on opposite sides of a transversal. They are equal in measure.

Front

What are consecutive interior angles?

Back

Consecutive interior angles are pairs of angles that lie between two parallel lines and on the same side of a transversal. They are supplementary, meaning they add up to 180 degrees.

Front

What is a logical fallacy?

Back

A logical fallacy is an error in reasoning that renders an argument invalid. Common examples include ad hominem attacks and straw man arguments.