Module 2.2 reading flashcard

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What is the availability heuristic?

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The availability heuristic is a mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that come to a person's mind when evaluating a specific topic, concept, method, or decision. It often leads to overestimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory.

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What is an algorithm in problem-solving?

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An algorithm is a step-by-step procedure or formula for solving a problem. It guarantees a solution if followed correctly, often used in mathematics and computer science.

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What does it mean for a result to be statistically significant?

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A result is statistically significant if it is unlikely to have occurred by chance, typically indicated by a p-value less than 0.05, suggesting a meaningful relationship or effect.

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What is belief perseverance?

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Belief perseverance is the tendency to hold on to one's beliefs even in the face of contradictory evidence. It often leads individuals to ignore or dismiss information that challenges their views.

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What is divergent thinking?

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Divergent thinking is a thought process used to generate creative ideas by exploring many possible solutions. It contrasts with convergent thinking, which focuses on finding a single, correct answer.

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What is confirmation bias?

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Confirmation bias is the tendency to search for, interpret, and remember information in a way that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or hypotheses, often leading to distorted thinking.

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What is intuition in decision-making?

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Intuition is the ability to understand something instinctively, without the need for conscious reasoning. It often involves gut feelings or hunches.

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What is a mental set?

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A mental set is a tendency to approach problems in a particular way, often based on past experiences. It can limit creativity and problem-solving ability.

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What is framing in psychology?

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Framing refers to the way information is presented, which can influence decision-making and judgment. Different presentations of the same information can lead to different conclusions.

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What is convergent thinking?

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Convergent thinking is a problem-solving approach that focuses on finding a single, correct solution to a problem, often through logical reasoning and analysis.