Biology EOC Vocabulary - Category 2

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Mutation

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A change in genetic information that can lead to variations in traits.

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Genotype

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The internal hereditary code that determines an organism's genetic makeup.

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DNA

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The genetic material for all life, containing the instructions for development and functioning.

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Recessive

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An allele that requires two copies to be expressed in the phenotype.

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Anticodon

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Three nucleotides on tRNA that pair with three nucleotides on an mRNA codon.

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Dominant

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An allele that can express its trait even when only one copy is present.

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Homozygous

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Having two identical alleles for a particular gene.

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Heterozygous

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Having two different alleles for a particular gene.

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Codon

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A sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid.

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Amino Acid

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The building blocks of proteins, coded by mRNA codons.