Unit 2 Review Biology

Front

What is the hydrophobic tail of a molecule?

Back

The hydrophobic tail is the part of a molecule that is water-repelling and does not interact with water, often found in phospholipids.

Front

What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER)?

Back

The smooth ER is responsible for the synthesis of lipids and detoxification of certain chemicals.

Front

What is facilitated diffusion?

Back

Facilitated diffusion is the process by which molecules cross a cell membrane with the help of transport proteins, moving from an area of high concentration to low concentration without energy expenditure.

Front

What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

Back

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have both.

Front

What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution?

Back

A cell in a hypertonic solution will lose water and shrink due to osmosis.

Front

Define hydrophilic head in a phospholipid molecule.

Back

The hydrophilic head is the part of a phospholipid that is attracted to water, allowing it to interact with the aqueous environment.

Front

What role do transport proteins play in cellular transport?

Back

Transport proteins assist in the movement of substances across the cell membrane, especially for molecules that cannot pass through the lipid bilayer directly.

Front

Explain the difference between passive and active transport.

Back

Passive transport does not require energy and moves substances down their concentration gradient, while active transport requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient.

Front

What is osmosis?

Back

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.

Front

What are membrane-bound organelles?

Back

Membrane-bound organelles are specialized structures within a cell that are enclosed by membranes, such as the nucleus, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum.