Flashcard Dalton's Atomic Theory and Supporting Laws

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What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?

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The Law of Conservation of Mass states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction; it is conserved.

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What does Dalton's Atomic Theory state about atoms in a chemical reaction?

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Dalton's Atomic Theory states that atoms are rearranged to form new compounds during a chemical reaction.

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What is the Law of Definite Proportions?

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The Law of Definite Proportions states that a chemical compound always contains the same elements in the same mass ratio.

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What is the Law of Multiple Proportions?

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The Law of Multiple Proportions states that when two elements combine to form more than one compound, the ratios of the masses of the second element that combine with a fixed mass of the first element can be expressed as small whole numbers.

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If 10.0 grams of iron combine with 5.7 grams of oxygen in Compound A and 10.0 grams of iron combine with 11.4 grams of oxygen in Compound B, what is the ratio of oxygen in Compound A to Compound B?

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1:2

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If 2.80 grams of nitrogen combine with 1.60 grams of oxygen in Compound A and 2.80 grams of nitrogen combine with 3.20 grams of oxygen in Compound B, what is the ratio of oxygen in Compound A to Compound B?

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1:2

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How does Dalton's Atomic Theory explain the formation of compounds?

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Dalton's Atomic Theory explains that atoms combine in fixed ratios to form compounds.

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What is an example of a compound that follows the Law of Definite Proportions?

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Water (H2O) always contains 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom in a 2:1 ratio.

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What is the significance of the Law of Conservation of Mass in chemical reactions?

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It ensures that the total mass of reactants equals the total mass of products in a chemical reaction.

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What is the difference between the Law of Definite Proportions and the Law of Multiple Proportions?

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The Law of Definite Proportions states that a compound has a fixed composition, while the Law of Multiple Proportions deals with the ratios of different compounds formed from the same elements.