Mutation Revision

Front

What is a mutation?

Back

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in the structure and function of proteins.

Front

What are the types of mutations?

Back

The main types of mutations are substitution, insertion, deletion, and frameshift mutations.

Front

What is a substitution mutation?

Back

A substitution mutation occurs when one base pair in the DNA sequence is replaced by another base pair.

Front

What is an insertion mutation?

Back

An insertion mutation occurs when one or more base pairs are added to the DNA sequence.

Front

What is a deletion mutation?

Back

A deletion mutation occurs when one or more base pairs are removed from the DNA sequence.

Front

What is a frameshift mutation?

Back

A frameshift mutation occurs when insertions or deletions of base pairs shift the reading frame of the genetic code.

Front

What are amino acids?

Back

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, and there are 20 different amino acids that combine in various sequences to form proteins.

Front

What is a gene?

Back

A gene is a segment of DNA that encodes for a specific protein or functional RNA.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

One key difference is that RNA contains the base uracil instead of thymine, which is found in DNA.

Front

What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures where proteins are synthesized by translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into amino acid sequences.