Molecular Basis of Heredity

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What is DNA?

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DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms. It is a long molecule made up of monomers called nucleotides.

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What are the components of DNA?

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DNA is composed of a sugar (deoxyribose), phosphate groups, and nitrogenous bases (Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine).

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What is the structure of DNA?

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DNA has a double helix structure, resembling a twisted ladder, with the backbone formed by alternating sugar and phosphate groups.

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What is a mutation?

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A mutation in DNA refers to a permanent change or alteration in the nucleotide sequence of an organism's genetic material.

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What are the types of mutations?

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1. Point mutations (Substitution, Insertion, Deletion) 2. Frameshift mutations.

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What is DNA repair?

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DNA repair is a critical process that maintains the integrity of genetic material by detecting and fixing damage to the DNA molecule.

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What are some factors that can damage DNA?

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1. Radiation 2. Chemicals 3. Errors in replication 4. Normal metabolic processes.

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What is RNA?

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RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) is a molecule found in all living cells and viruses that carries genetic information and is essential for life.

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What are the types of RNA?

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1. Messenger RNA (mRNA) 2. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) 3. Transfer RNA (tRNA).

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What is a protein?

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Proteins are large molecules made of amino acids, linked by peptide bonds to form long chains.