AP Biology Unit Two

Front

What is the Fluid Mosaic Model?

Back

The Fluid Mosaic Model describes the structure of the cell membrane as a mosaic of various components (lipids, proteins, carbohydrates) that move fluidly within the layer, allowing for flexibility and functionality.

Front

Why are cells small?

Back

Cells are small to maximize their surface area-to-volume ratio, which enhances the efficiency of nutrient uptake and waste removal.

Front

Which organelles evolved from free-living prokaryotic cells?

Back

Mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from free-living prokaryotic cells through a process called endosymbiosis.

Front

What is the primary function of vacuoles in plants?

Back

The primary function of vacuoles in plants is to maintain turgor pressure, which helps keep the plant upright and supports cellular structure.

Front

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Back

The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Front

What is the role of the cell membrane?

Back

The cell membrane regulates what enters and exits the cell, providing protection and structural support.

Front

Define osmosis.

Back

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

Front

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Back

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and various membrane-bound organelles.

Front

What is the function of ribosomes?

Back

Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis by translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains.

Front

What is the significance of the surface area-to-volume ratio in cells?

Back

A higher surface area-to-volume ratio allows for more efficient exchange of materials (nutrients, waste) with the environment.