AP Biology Midterm Final Review Game

Front

What is solute potential (Y_s)?

Back

Solute potential (Y_s) is a measure of the tendency of water to move into a solution due to the presence of solute. It is expressed in bars and is always negative or zero.

Front

What is the formula to calculate water potential (Y_w)?

Back

Water potential (Y_w) is calculated using the formula: Y_w = Y_s + Y_p, where Y_s is solute potential and Y_p is pressure potential.

Front

What is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells?

Back

Chloroplasts are organelles that conduct photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose.

Front

What are thylakoids?

Back

Thylakoids are membrane-bound structures within chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll and are the site of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.

Front

What is the function of NADH and FADH₂ in cellular respiration?

Back

NADH and FADH₂ are electron carriers that transport electrons to the electron transport chain (ETC), where they are used to produce ATP.

Front

What distinguishes unsaturated fatty acids from saturated fatty acids?

Back

Unsaturated fatty acids contain one or more double bonds between carbon atoms, while saturated fatty acids have only single bonds.

Front

What is osmosis?

Back

Osmosis is the passive movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

Front

What is active transport?

Back

Active transport is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration, requiring energy (ATP).

Front

What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis?

Back

Diffusion is the movement of solute molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, while osmosis specifically refers to the movement of water.

Front

What is the significance of pressure potential (Y_p) in plant cells?

Back

Pressure potential (Y_p) is the physical pressure exerted by the fluid in the cell's vacuole against the cell wall, contributing to turgor pressure and cell rigidity.