The English Revolution Study Notes

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Timeline: Core period of the English Revolution

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1640s

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Key Theme: Shift from Divine Right to Popular Sovereignty

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Transition from the belief that monarchs derive authority from God to the idea that political power originates from the people.

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Key Figure: King Charles I

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Opposed by Parliament. Weak, introverted, and focused on aesthetics over political realities. Relied on unpopular advisors, alienating subjects.

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Key Figure: John Hampden

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Wealthy Parliament member. Challenged the legality of 'ship money' tax but lost in court, sparking resistance.

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Key Figure: Richard Chambers

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Opposed ship money; imprisoned, fueling public outrage.

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Key Figure: Thomas Wentworth, Earl of Strafford

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Key royal advisor, executed by Parliament in 1641. Highlighted Charles I’s waning power.

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Key Figure: William Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury

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Royal advisor executed in 1645, reflecting Parliament’s growing dominance.

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Major Issue: Religious Conflict

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Puritans sought Church of England reforms, opposing practices resembling Catholicism. Conflicts under James I set the stage for heightened tensions under Charles I.

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Major Issue: Divine Right of Kings

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Belief in royal authority from God clashed with Parliament’s push for limits on monarchical power.

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Major Issue: Favorites

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James I and Charles I relied on unpopular advisors like George Villiers, causing resentment.