Applied Genetics Review

Front

What is codominance?

Back

Codominance is a genetic scenario where both alleles in a heterozygote are fully expressed, resulting in offspring with a phenotype that is neither dominant nor recessive. Example: In flowers, red (RR) and blue (BB) alleles can produce speckled flowers (RB).

Front

What is the genotype for a female carrier of hemophilia?

Back

X^H X^h - This genotype indicates that the female has one normal allele (H) and one allele for hemophilia (h), making her a carrier.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Front

What is the probability of a child having hemophilia if the father has hemophilia and the mother is a carrier?

Back

1/4 - There is a 25% chance that their offspring will inherit the hemophilia allele from both parents.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

NGSS.HS-LS3-3

Front

What does X^h Y represent?

Back

X^h Y represents a male with hemophilia, as he has one X chromosome with the hemophilia allele (h) and one Y chromosome.

Front

What are multiple alleles?

Back

Multiple alleles refer to a situation where a single gene has three or more alternative forms (alleles). Example: The ABO blood group system has three alleles: I^A, I^B, and i.

Front

What is the expected percentage of offspring with a recessive trait from two heterozygous parents?

Back

25% - When both parents are heterozygous, there is a 25% chance that an offspring will express the recessive trait.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-3

Front

Define hemophilia.

Back

Hemophilia is a genetic disorder that impairs the body's ability to make blood clots, leading to excessive bleeding. It is often inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Front

What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?

Back

Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism (e.g., alleles), while phenotype is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics (e.g., flower color).

Front

What is a recessive trait?

Back

A recessive trait is one that is expressed in the phenotype only when two copies of the recessive allele are present (homozygous).

Front

What is the significance of the Punnett square in genetics?

Back

The Punnett square is a tool used to predict the genotypes and phenotypes of offspring from a genetic cross.