DNA, Mutations, & Protein Synthesis

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What is DNA?

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DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life. It is composed of two strands that coil around each other to form a double helix.

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What are the four nitrogen bases in DNA?

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The four nitrogen bases in DNA are adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).

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What is the base pairing rule in DNA?

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In DNA, adenine pairs with thymine (A-T) and cytosine pairs with guanine (C-G).

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What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

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mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes, where proteins are synthesized.

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What is tRNA and its function?

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tRNA (transfer RNA) brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes during protein synthesis.

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What is a mutation?

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A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in the structure and function of proteins.

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What is a point mutation?

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A point mutation is a type of mutation where a single base in the DNA sequence is substituted or changed.

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What is DNA replication?

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DNA replication is the process by which a cell makes an exact copy of its DNA before cell division.

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What does semiconservative replication mean?

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Semiconservative replication means that each new DNA molecule consists of one original (parent) strand and one newly synthesized strand.

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What are purines?

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Purines are nitrogenous bases that have a double-ring structure. The two purines in DNA are adenine (A) and guanine (G).