Unit 3 AP Biology Insta-Review (Cellular Energetics)

Front

What is the primary gas present in Earth's atmosphere when it was first formed?

Back

Earth's atmosphere initially lacked oxygen.

Front

What happens to pH when the concentration of hydrogen ions increases?

Back

pH decreases.

Front

How does a decrease in temperature affect the rate of a chemical reaction?

Back

The reaction rate decreases.

Front

Which type of macromolecule serves as enzymes in biological systems?

Back

Proteins are the macromolecules that function as enzymes.

Front

What is the effect on the pH of the mitochondrial matrix when protons are pumped into the intermembrane space during cellular respiration?

Back

The pH of the matrix increases.

Front

Define cellular respiration.

Back

Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy (ATP), carbon dioxide, and water.

Front

What is the role of enzymes in biochemical reactions?

Back

Enzymes act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions without being consumed in the process.

Front

What is the relationship between temperature and enzyme activity?

Back

Enzyme activity typically increases with temperature up to a certain point, after which it decreases due to denaturation.

Front

What are the three main stages of cellular respiration?

Back

The three main stages are Glycolysis, the Krebs Cycle, and the Electron Transport Chain.

Front

What is ATP and why is it important?

Back

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the primary energy carrier in cells, providing energy for various cellular processes.