A&P I Final Exam Crider & McGee

Front

What is dual innervation in the context of the autonomic nervous system?

Back

Dual innervation refers to the phenomenon where an organ or tissue receives nerve fibers from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system, allowing for antagonistic control of physiological functions.

Front

What is the primary difference between the somatic nervous system (SNS) and the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

Back

The SNS is responsible for voluntary control of skeletal muscles and is generally faster due to myelinated neurons, while the ANS controls involuntary functions and has more complex synaptic pathways.

Front

What is the role of the ciliary body in the eye?

Back

The ciliary body produces aqueous humor, which fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye, and helps in the accommodation of the lens for focusing.

Front

What is the significance of the optic disc in the retina?

Back

The optic disc is the point where ganglion cell axons exit the eye to form the optic nerve; it contains no photoreceptors, resulting in a blind spot in the visual field.

Front

What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Back

The two divisions are the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), which is the thoracolumbar division, and the parasympathetic nervous system (PSN), which is the craniosacral division.

Front

What is the function of the aqueous humor in the eye?

Back

Aqueous humor maintains intraocular pressure, provides nutrients to the avascular structures of the eye, and removes metabolic wastes.

Front

What is antagonistic control in the autonomic nervous system?

Back

Antagonistic control refers to the opposing actions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions on the same organ, allowing for fine-tuning of physiological responses.

Front

What is the difference between myelinated and unmyelinated neurons?

Back

Myelinated neurons have a myelin sheath that increases the speed of electrical impulses, while unmyelinated neurons lack this sheath and conduct impulses more slowly.

Front

What is the function of the macula lutea in the retina?

Back

The macula lutea is responsible for high-acuity vision and is densely packed with photoreceptors, particularly cones, which are essential for color vision.

Front

What is the role of the ganglion cells in the retina?

Back

Ganglion cells receive visual information from photoreceptors and transmit it to the brain via their axons, forming the optic nerve.