Protein Synthesis and Mutations Review

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What is protein synthesis?

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The process by which cells generate new proteins, involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to amino acids.

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What is the role of DNA in protein synthesis?

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DNA contains the genetic instructions for the synthesis of proteins, serving as a template for mRNA during transcription.

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What is transcription?

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The process of copying a segment of DNA into mRNA, which occurs in the nucleus.

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Where does translation occur?

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Translation occurs in the ribosome, where mRNA is decoded to produce a specific polypeptide or protein.

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What is tRNA and its function?

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Transfer RNA (tRNA) carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, matching them to the codons on the mRNA.

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What is a mutation?

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A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in protein structure and function.

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What is a deletion mutation?

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A deletion mutation occurs when one or more nucleotides are removed from the DNA sequence.

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What is a substitution mutation?

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A substitution mutation occurs when one nucleotide is replaced by another in the DNA sequence.

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What is an insertion mutation?

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An insertion mutation occurs when one or more nucleotides are added to the DNA sequence.

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What is a frameshift mutation?

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A frameshift mutation occurs when nucleotides are added or deleted, altering the reading frame of the genetic code.