2019 - 2015 - Biology EOC - DNA & RNA

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What is DNA?

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DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life. It is composed of two strands that coil around each other to form a double helix.

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What is RNA?

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RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) is a single-stranded molecule that plays a crucial role in the synthesis of proteins by carrying the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome.

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What is the role of DNA in protein synthesis?

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DNA contains the instructions for building proteins, which are made up of amino acids. The sequence of nucleotides in DNA determines the order of amino acids in a protein.

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What is a mutation?

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A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in the structure and function of proteins, potentially causing diseases such as cancer.

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What is the process of transcription?

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Transcription is the process by which the information in a DNA sequence is copied into a complementary RNA sequence.

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What is the process of translation?

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Translation is the process by which the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA is decoded to produce a specific sequence of amino acids in a protein.

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What are amino acids?

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Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. There are 20 different amino acids that combine in various sequences to form proteins.

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What is a codon?

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A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or a stop signal during protein synthesis.

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How do environmental factors influence mutations?

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Environmental factors, such as chemicals and radiation, can cause mutations by damaging DNA or interfering with the processes of replication and repair.

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What is the genetic code?

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The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded in DNA or RNA sequences is translated into proteins. It consists of codons that specify which amino acids will be added during protein synthesis.