Unit 5: Central Dogma of Genetics

Front

What is a Missense Mutation?

Back

A type of mutation where a single nucleotide change results in a codon that codes for a different amino acid.

Front

What is an Insertion Mutation?

Back

A type of frameshift mutation where one or more nucleotide bases are added to the DNA sequence.

Front

What is a Deletion Mutation?

Back

A type of mutation where one or more nucleotide bases are removed from the DNA sequence.

Front

What is a Silent Mutation?

Back

A mutation that does not change the amino acid sequence of a protein.

Front

What is a Frameshift Mutation?

Back

A mutation that occurs when nucleotides are added or deleted from the DNA sequence, altering the reading frame.

Front

What is the structure of DNA?

Back

DNA has a double helix structure, consisting of two strands that coil around each other.

Front

Why are frameshift mutations harmful?

Back

They change all of the codons from the mutation on down the line, which alters the entire amino acid sequence.

Front

What is a Codon?

Back

A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is the process of Transcription?

Back

The process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of mRNA.