AP Bio Insta-Review Topic 4.1: Cell Communication

Front

What is autocrine signaling?

Back

A type of signaling where a cell secretes a signal that binds to receptors on its own surface, affecting its own activity.

Front

What is paracrine signaling?

Back

A type of signaling where a cell releases a signal that binds to nearby cells, influencing their behavior.

Front

What is direct signaling?

Back

A type of signaling that occurs through direct cell-to-cell contact, such as a Helper T cell binding to an antigen-presenting cell.

Front

Where are receptors for protein hormones located?

Back

Membrane bound; they are found on the surface of target cells.

Front

In paracrine signaling, which cell releases the signal?

Back

A nearby cell releases the signal to influence adjacent cells.

Front

What is synaptic signaling?

Back

A form of signaling that occurs in the nervous system where neurotransmitters are released from a neuron to communicate with another neuron or muscle cell.

Front

What is the role of ligands in cell signaling?

Back

Ligands are molecules that bind to receptors on target cells, initiating a response.

Front

What is the difference between local and long-distance signaling?

Back

Local signaling affects nearby cells (e.g., paracrine signaling), while long-distance signaling involves hormones traveling through the bloodstream to distant target cells.

Front

What is the function of membrane-bound receptors?

Back

They bind to hydrophilic signaling molecules (like protein hormones) that cannot cross the cell membrane.

Front

What is endocrine signaling?

Back

A type of signaling where hormones are released into the bloodstream to reach distant target cells.