Fallacies in Reasoning

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Ad hominem

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An attack on or criticism of someone’s character rather than the logic or content of the argument.

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Ad populum

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Also referred to as the 'bandwagon fallacy;' appeals to the popularity of a practice or concept as a method of persuasion.

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Hasty Generalization

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A general statement or conclusion that is made without sufficient evidence.

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Red Herring

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A tactic that is used to distract from an argument by avoiding key issues or ignoring opposing views.

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Slippery Slope

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A conclusion based on the premise, 'if this, then that,' often leading to an unlikely or extreme outcome.

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Strawman

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A fallacy that occurs when someone misrepresents an argument to make it easier to attack.

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False Analogy

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A fallacy that occurs when an analogy is drawn between two things that are not comparable.

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Circular Reasoning

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A logical fallacy in which the conclusion is included in the premise.

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Appeal to Authority

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A fallacy that occurs when someone argues that a claim is true simply because an authority figure believes it.

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Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc

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A fallacy that assumes that if one event follows another, the first event must be the cause of the second.