Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Flashcard

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What is cross-protection in influenza vaccination?

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Cross-protection in influenza vaccination refers to the ability of the vaccine to provide protection against strains of the influenza virus that are not specifically included in the vaccine.

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What are the main challenges in developing effective influenza vaccination strategies?

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The challenges include vaccine composition, vaccine coverage, vaccine effectiveness, public perception, and virus evolution.

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What challenges are faced in developing a COVID-19 vaccine for children?

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Challenges include ensuring safety and efficacy, dealing with lower disease prevalence, and ethical considerations in conducting clinical trials.

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Define herd immunity and explain its importance.

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Herd immunity is the indirect protection from infectious diseases that occurs when a large percentage of a population becomes immune, either through vaccination or previous infections. It helps control the spread of infectious diseases.

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How do public health measures contribute to controlling emerging infectious diseases?

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Public health measures contribute by implementing vaccination, surveillance, and outbreak response.

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What is the role of vaccines in preventing infectious diseases?

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Vaccines stimulate the immune system to recognize and fight specific pathogens, thereby preventing infections.

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Explain the concept of vaccine efficacy.

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Vaccine efficacy refers to the percentage reduction of disease in a vaccinated group compared to an unvaccinated group under controlled conditions.

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What is the difference between active and passive immunity?

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Active immunity is immunity gained through exposure to a pathogen or vaccination, while passive immunity is acquired through the transfer of antibodies from another source.

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What factors influence vaccine coverage in a population?

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Factors include public perception, accessibility, cost, and the availability of vaccines.

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Describe the importance of surveillance in public health.

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Surveillance is crucial for monitoring disease trends, identifying outbreaks, and guiding public health responses.