Biology Mid-Term Exam

Front

What is active transport?

Back

Active transport is the process by which cells move materials from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, requiring energy (ATP).

Front

How do enzymes function in the body?

Back

Enzymes lower the activation energy of reactions, allowing them to proceed more quickly.

Front

What effect does an enzyme have on activation energy?

Back

An enzyme speeds up a reaction by lowering the activation energy.

Front

What is an independent variable in an experiment?

Back

The independent variable is the factor that is changed or controlled in a scientific experiment to test its effects on the dependent variable.

Front

How does lowering activation energy affect a chemical reaction?

Back

Lowering activation energy allows the reaction to proceed at a faster rate.

Front

What is osmosis?

Back

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.

Front

What is passive transport?

Back

Passive transport is the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy, typically along a concentration gradient.

Front

What is facilitated diffusion?

Back

Facilitated diffusion is a process by which substances move across cell membranes with the help of carrier proteins, without the use of energy.

Front

What role do enzymes play in metabolic reactions?

Back

Enzymes act as catalysts in metabolic reactions, speeding up the rate of the reaction without being consumed in the process.

Front

What is the difference between an enzyme and a substrate?

Back

An enzyme is a protein that catalyzes a biochemical reaction, while a substrate is the reactant that an enzyme acts upon.