AP Euro unit 4 test review

Front

Which of the following was NOT considered an Enlightened despot/Enlightened absolutist?
Catherine the Great of Russia, Frederick II (the Great) of Prussia, Joseph II of Austria

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Louis XIV of France

Front

Who published On the Revolutions of Heavenly Spheres in 1543, challenging the Ptolemaic model and advancing the heliocentric model? Options: Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler, Brahe

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Copernicus

Front

Who ran the most sophisticated observatory of his day, compiled tables of data about the movements of the planets, and was a teacher of Johannes Kepler?

Back

Tycho Brahe

Front

A student of Tycho Brahe, he used mathematics to establish 3 laws of motion relating to the orbits of the planets around the sun.

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Kepler

Front

A supporter of the Copernican model of the universe, he used his advancements on the telescope to discover new things about the universe. The publishing of his most well-known work, Dialogue Concerning Two Chief World Systems (1632) prompted him to be called before the Inquisition and put on trial. Officially, he recanted the thesis that he put forward in his work. Who is he?

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Galileo

Front

This English scientist developed the law of universal gravitation (mutual attraction is proportional to mass) and 3 laws of motion that served to help explain the movements of the planets and objects on Earth. He blended inductive and deductive reasoning techniques. He argued for a universe governed by natural laws. Many of his theories were proposed in his work Principia Naturalis, published in 1687.

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Isaac Newton

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He was a major proponent of empiricism - using inductive reasoning based on observation to understand the world. He is often considered to have developed the Scientific Method.

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Francis Bacon

Front

Who was a proponent of deductive reasoning, believed that truth can be discovered through human reasoning, encouraged doubt about everything, and is known for the saying "Je pense, donc je suis" (I think therefore I am)?

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René Descartes

Front

This English noblewoman was one of the few women involved in science at the time. She published books on natural philosophy and debated with Hobbes and Descartes.

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Margaret Cavendish

Front

Though excluded from the Berlin academy, she discovered a comet.

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Maria Winkelmann