Photosynthesis

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What is photosynthesis?

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Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy, usually from the sun, into chemical energy in the form of glucose, using carbon dioxide and water.

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What are the main products of photosynthesis?

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The main products of photosynthesis are glucose (a sugar) and oxygen.

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What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

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Chlorophyll is a green pigment found in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy, primarily from the sun, which is essential for the process of photosynthesis.

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What are thylakoids?

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Thylakoids are saclike membranes found in chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll and are the site of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.

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What is the Calvin cycle?

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The Calvin cycle is a series of biochemical reactions that occur in the stroma of chloroplasts, where carbon dioxide is converted into glucose using ATP and NADPH produced in the light-dependent reactions.

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What is the function of the electron transport chain in photosynthesis?

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The electron transport chain is a series of proteins in the thylakoid membrane that transfer high-energy electrons, leading to the production of ATP and NADPH during the light-dependent reactions.

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How do plants absorb water?

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Plants absorb water through their roots, which then travels up the stem to the leaves.

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What is the significance of stomata in plants?

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Stomata are small openings on the surface of leaves that allow for gas exchange; they enable carbon dioxide to enter and oxygen to exit during photosynthesis.

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What is the difference between light-dependent and light-independent reactions?

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Light-dependent reactions require light to produce ATP and NADPH, while light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) do not require light and use ATP and NADPH to synthesize glucose.

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What is the role of water in photosynthesis?

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Water provides electrons and protons for the light-dependent reactions and is split to release oxygen as a byproduct.