AP Psychology Learning Flashcard

Front

Which of the following is the best example of shaping? Options: A child gets candy from a dispenser one time but gets nothing from the dispenser the next two times. A teacher rewards a student for sitting quietly for ten minutes on Monday, fifteen minutes on Tuesday, twenty minutes on Wednesday, and thirty minutes on Thursday. A rat receives a mild shock each time it tries to open the door of its cage.

Back

A teacher rewards a student for sitting quietly for ten minutes on Monday, fifteen minutes on Tuesday, twenty minutes on Wednesday, and thirty minutes on Thursday.

Front

After several trials during which a dog is given a certain kind of food at the same time that a specific tone is sounded, there is evidence of conditioning if the dog salivates when: the tone only is presented, the food only is presented, the food and tone are presented together, a different tone is presented with the food, a different kind of food is presented without a tone.

Back

the tone only is presented

Front

In this scenario, hearing the word “goodbye” is the

Back

conditioned stimulus

Front

Emiko's cat often meows for food. Emiko decides to eliminate the behavior by feeding the cat only when it does not meow. Over the next few weeks, she sometimes ignores the cat when it meows. Other times, she feeds the cat when it meows. Which of the following is the most reasonable prediction to make about the cat's meowing for food?

Back

It will increase due to a variable schedule of reinforcement.

Front

An individual's fear of dogs that is lost as the individual is exposed to dogs in non-threatening situations is referred to by behaviorists as a fear that has been

Back

extinguished (extinction)

Front

For extinction to occur, which of the following must be true of the conditioned response (CR), the conditioned stimulus (CS), and the unconditioned stimulus (UCS)?
Options:
The CR occurs after the CS but does not occur after other stimuli.
The CS and the UCS are repeatedly paired, and the CR gains strength.
The CS is repeatedly presented in the absence of the UCS, and the CR loses strength.
When the CR loses strength, a rest period is given, after which the CS again elicits the CR.

Back

The CS is repeatedly presented in the absence of the UCS, and the CR loses strength.

Front

In Ivan Pavlov's experiments in classical conditioning, the dog's salivation was

Back

both an unconditioned and a conditioned response

Front

Learned helplessness is most likely to result when: responses have no effect on the environment

Back

responses have no effect on the environment

Front

Which of the following is the best example of a learning predisposition (Preparedness)?
Pigeons can be trained to play tic-tac-toe.
Cats become quicker at escaping out of boxes with practice.
Rewarding a person for a behavior leads to an increase in that behavior.
It is easier to condition a person to be fearful of rats than of cars.

Back

It is easier to condition a person to be fearful of rats than of cars.

Front

The terms "modeling" and "imitation" are most closely associated with which of the following? Classical conditioning, Gestalt theory, Hypothesis testing, Operant conditioning, Social learning theory (Observational Learning)

Back

Social learning theory (Observational Learning)