Mutations MAKE-UP 24-25

Front

What is a mutation?

Back

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence of an organism's genome, which can lead to changes in the organism's traits.

Front

What are the four main types of mutations?

Back

The four main types of mutations are substitution, insertion, deletion, and translocation.

Front

What is a substitution mutation?

Back

A substitution mutation occurs when one base pair in the DNA sequence is replaced by another base pair.

Front

What is an insertion mutation?

Back

An insertion mutation occurs when one or more base pairs are added into the DNA sequence.

Front

What is a deletion mutation?

Back

A deletion mutation occurs when one or more base pairs are removed from the DNA sequence.

Front

What is a frameshift mutation?

Back

A frameshift mutation is caused by insertions or deletions that change the reading frame of the genetic code.

Front

What is the role of guanine in DNA?

Back

Guanine is one of the four nucleotide bases in DNA and pairs with cytosine.

Front

What is the significance of hemoglobin mutations?

Back

Mutations in the hemoglobin gene can lead to disorders such as sickle cell anemia, affecting red blood cell shape and function.

Front

What is translocation in genetics?

Back

Translocation is a mutation where a segment of DNA is moved from one location to another within the genome.

Front

What is nondisjunction?

Back

Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division.