Unit 2 - AP Biology Exam Review

Front

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?

Back

The Golgi apparatus is responsible for packaging and shipping proteins and lipids to their destinations within or outside the cell.

Front

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins, particularly those that are secreted from the cell?

Back

The Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER) is responsible for synthesizing proteins, especially those that are secreted from the cell.

Front

What is the primary reason cells are small?

Back

Cells are small to maximize their surface area-to-volume ratio, which enhances the efficiency of nutrient uptake and waste removal.

Front

Which molecule can move through the lipid bilayer of a plasma membrane most rapidly?

Back

Carbon dioxide (CO2) can move through the lipid bilayer most rapidly due to its small size and nonpolar nature.

Front

What is the role of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum in protein synthesis?

Back

The Rough ER is studded with ribosomes and is involved in the synthesis and initial folding of proteins destined for secretion or for use in the cell membrane.

Front

What is the function of vacuoles in plant cells?

Back

Vacuoles in plant cells are used for storage of substances, maintaining turgor pressure, and waste disposal.

Front

What is the difference between the Smooth and Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?

Back

The Rough ER has ribosomes on its surface and is involved in protein synthesis, while the Smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification.

Front

What is the significance of the surface area-to-volume ratio in cells?

Back

A higher surface area-to-volume ratio allows for more efficient exchange of materials (nutrients and waste) between the cell and its environment.

Front

What is the primary function of lysosomes?

Back

Lysosomes are organelles that contain digestive enzymes to break down waste materials and cellular debris.

Front

What is the role of the plasma membrane in a cell?

Back

The plasma membrane regulates what enters and exits the cell, providing a barrier and maintaining homeostasis.