Biology Fall Final Review

Front

What is the factor that an experimenter changes on purpose?

Back

Independent Variable: The variable that is manipulated or changed in an experiment to test its effects on the dependent variable.

Front

What is the process called when molecules move from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration?

Back

Active Transport: The movement of molecules against their concentration gradient, requiring energy.

Front

Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis and is only found in plant cells?

Back

Chloroplast: An organelle that converts light energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis.

Front

What is the term for the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane?

Back

Osmosis: The diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane.

Front

What is a nucleotide?

Back

Nucleotide: The basic building block of nucleic acids, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What is the role of the nucleus in a cell?

Back

Nucleus: The organelle that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls cellular activities.

Front

What is diffusion?

Back

Diffusion: The passive movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Front

What is the difference between active transport and passive transport?

Back

Active Transport requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient, while Passive Transport does not require energy and moves substances along their concentration gradient.

Front

What is a chromosome?

Back

Chromosome: A structure made of DNA and proteins that contains genetic information; humans have 23 pairs.

Front

What is the function of mitochondria?

Back

Mitochondria: The organelles that produce energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.