AP Biology Semester 1 Review

Front

Why is chemiosmosis important to cellular respiration?

Back

It is the force that powers ATP synthase.

Front

Where are lipids formed in a cell?

Back

Smooth ER.

Front

Which phase of photosynthesis produces organic sugars?

Back

The Calvin cycle.

Front

What products of the light reaction are directly needed by the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis?

Back

ATP and NADPH.

Front

What is the relationship between an enzyme's active site and its substrate?

Back

The active site has a specific shape that fits the shape of the substrate.

Front

What is the role of ATP in cellular processes?

Back

ATP serves as the primary energy currency of the cell.

Front

Define photosynthesis.

Back

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods with the help of chlorophyll.

Front

What is the function of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?

Back

The electron transport chain transfers electrons from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen, creating a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis.

Front

What is the significance of the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis?

Back

The Calvin cycle converts carbon dioxide and other compounds into glucose, which is used for energy.

Front

What is the difference between the rough ER and smooth ER?

Back

Rough ER is studded with ribosomes and synthesizes proteins, while smooth ER is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification.