Cells

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What are the main components found in animal cells?

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Animal cells contain components such as the cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, and ribosomes. They do not have chloroplasts or a cell wall.

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What is the function of chloroplasts?

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Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells that conduct photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy. They are not found in animal cells.

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What is passive transport?

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Passive transport is the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy. It relies on the concentration gradient.

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How does passive transport differ from active transport?

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Passive transport does not require energy, while active transport requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient.

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What is the cell theory?

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The cell theory states that all living organisms are made up of one or more cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells.

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What are phospholipids?

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Phospholipids are molecules that make up the cell membrane, consisting of a hydrophilic (water-attracting) 'head' and two hydrophobic (water-repelling) 'tails'.

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What is the role of the cell membrane?

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The cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell, providing protection and structural support.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-2

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What is the nucleus?

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The nucleus is the control center of the cell, containing the cell's genetic material (DNA) and regulating gene expression.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-2

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What are mitochondria known as?

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Mitochondria are known as the 'powerhouses' of the cell because they produce energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.

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What is the function of ribosomes?

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Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis in the cell, translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains.