Honors -DNA Replication + Transcription and Translation

Front

What is the backbone of DNA made of?

Back

The backbone of DNA is made of alternating sugar and phosphate groups.

Front

What enzyme is responsible for joining fragments of DNA?

Back

DNA ligase is the enzyme used to join fragments of DNA.

Front

What is the complement to the DNA strand 5'-ATGCCAT-3'?

Back

The complement is 3'-TACGGTA-5'.

Front

What reaction does DNA ligase catalyze during DNA replication?

Back

DNA ligase catalyzes the formation of a phosphodiester bond between the 3’-OH of one Okazaki fragment and the 5’-phosphate of the next on the lagging strand.

Front

What type of bonds hold the two strands of DNA together?

Back

The two strands of DNA are held together by hydrogen bonds.

Front

What is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?

Back

DNA polymerase adds new nucleotides to the growing DNA strand during replication.

Front

What are Okazaki fragments?

Back

Okazaki fragments are short sequences of DNA nucleotides synthesized on the lagging strand during DNA replication.

Front

What is the function of primase in DNA replication?

Back

Primase synthesizes a short RNA primer to provide a starting point for DNA polymerase.

Front

What is transcription in the context of DNA?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.