Exam 3 Review

Front

A scientist uses theory to hypothesize that a certain chemical causes plant growth and begins experimenting to verify the hypothesis. This is an example of inductive reasoning.

Back

False

Answer explanation

The scientist is using deductive reasoning!

2. 1. Theory

3. 2. Hypothesis

4. 3. Pattern

5. 4. Observation/Conclusion

Inductive reasoning starts from the bottom up (4 to 1)!

Front

Determine the deductive reasoning template used in the following statement: All dogs are mammals. Jerry is not a mammal. Therefore, Jerry cannot be a dog.

Back

Applying an Exception

Front

Determine the deductive reasoning template used in the following statement:
Pizza is delicious. Eating delicious food makes people happy. Therefore, eating pizza makes people happy.

Back

Transitivity

Answer explanation

Make sure you know these pretty well! You will need to identify almost all the deductive reasoning templates.

Front

What fallacy is illustrated in this scenario? Scenario: An influencer talks about how they grew up in the same town as you and makes an emotional appeal so you’ll buy their sponsored product.

Back

Appeals to Emotion

Answer explanation

Appeal to emotion fallacy refers to when someone tries to convince you to do something by evoking your feelings rather than proving you with evidence.

Front

What fallacy is illustrated in this scenario? Scenario: People believe that climate change isn't real just because they heard it in the media, and they refuse to read any contradictory information.

Back

Appeals to Ignorance

Answer explanation

Front

A scholar who is recognized for their groundbreaking research before presenting a paper has initial ethos.

Back

True

Answer explanation

Initial ethos refers to the credibility assigned before a speaker begins their speech. It is influenced by background, characteristics, and sponsorship.

Front

What dimension of credibility is demonstrated in the following scenario? Scenario: A teacher expresses how much they care about their students’ success and well-being, dedicating time to support them.

Back

Caring

Answer explanation

Front

What power base is demonstrated in this scenario? Scenario: A speaker refers to their academic achievements as sources of credibility.

Back

Competence (Expert)

Answer explanation

Make sure you know all of these for the Exam! Double-check Unit 10 for more information.

Front

What power base is demonstrated in this scenario? Scenario: A mayor promises financial incentives to businesses that help community development.

Back

Reward

Front

Exaggerating facts in a speech will likely result in derived ethos.

Back

False

Answer explanation

psssst... This is a tricky one from the exam (freebie!). Exaggerating facts can mean presenting something fake or misleading, especially if it involves distorting the truth, which makes it problematic for building ethos!