Cell Cycle and Mitosis

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Prophase

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First phase of mitosis during which chromatin condense into chromosomes, the nuclear envelope breaks down, centrioles separate, and a spindle begins to form.

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Metaphase

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Second phase of mitosis during which chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell.

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Anaphase

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Third phase of mitosis during which sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.

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Telophase

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Last stage of mitosis during which chromosomes uncoil to form chromatin, the spindle breaks down, and new nuclear membranes form.

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Cytokinesis

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Splitting of the cytoplasm to form daughter cells when a cell divides.

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Chromatin

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Grainy material that DNA forms when it is not coiled into chromosomes.

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Cell Cycle

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For prokaryotes, the cell cycle is simple: the cell grows, DNA replicates, the cell divides. For eukaryotes, the cell cycle is more complex. It includes two main phases: interphase and mitotic phase.

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Interphase

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Interphase includes the growth phase1(G1), synthesis phase(S), and growth phase2(G2).

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G1 Phase

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During G1, the cell's main job is to grow. It creates copies of its organelles in preparation for cell division as well as the necessary proteins for DNA replication.

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S Phase

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In the synthesis phase, the cell's DNA is replicated.