Earth and Environmental Science Final Exam

Front

What is ocean acidification?

Back

Ocean acidification refers to the decrease in pH levels of the ocean caused by the absorption of excess carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere, leading to harmful effects on marine life, particularly shell-forming organisms.

Front

How do shell-forming organisms contribute to carbon cycling?

Back

Shell-forming organisms like corals and mollusks trap CO2 by forming their shells, which helps regulate carbon levels in the ocean and atmosphere.

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What is mantle convection?

Back

Mantle convection is the process by which heat from the Earth's interior causes the mantle to flow, driving the movement of tectonic plates.

Front

How do tectonic plates influence the Earth's topography?

Back

Tectonic plates influence the Earth's topography by determining the location of mountain ranges, valleys, and other landforms through processes like uplift and subsidence.

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What is the primary cause of volcanic activity?

Back

Volcanic activity is primarily caused by the movement of tectonic plates and the melting of mantle material, which leads to the eruption of magma.

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How does increased volcanic activity affect ocean pH?

Back

Increased volcanic activity releases CO2 into the atmosphere and ocean, which can lower the pH of ocean water, leading to acidification.

Front

What is nuclear fusion?

Back

Nuclear fusion is the process by which two light atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, releasing a significant amount of energy, as occurs in the Sun.

Front

What role does the Sun play in Earth's climate?

Back

The Sun provides the energy that drives weather patterns, ocean currents, and photosynthesis, making it essential for life on Earth.

Front

What are the effects of increased atmospheric CO2 on marine ecosystems?

Back

Increased atmospheric CO2 can lead to ocean acidification, which negatively impacts marine organisms, particularly those with calcium carbonate shells.

Front

What is the relationship between tectonic activity and earthquakes?

Back

Tectonic activity, particularly the movement of plates along faults, is a primary cause of earthquakes, as stress builds up and is released.