Ch 4 extra Review

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What is a random sample?

Back

A random sample is a subset of individuals chosen from a larger set, where each individual has an equal chance of being selected, ensuring that the sample represents the population.

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What is confounding in research?

Back

Confounding occurs when two or more variables are associated in such a way that their effects on a response variable cannot be separated, making it difficult to determine the true cause of an effect.

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What is a convenience sample?

Back

A convenience sample is a non-random sample that is taken from a group of people easy to reach, which may not accurately represent the population.

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What is the purpose of random assignment in experiments?

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The purpose of random assignment is to create roughly equivalent groups before treatments are administered, helping to eliminate bias.

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What is nonresponse bias?

Back

Nonresponse bias occurs when individuals selected for a survey do not respond, and their lack of response is related to the topic being studied, potentially skewing results.

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What is undercoverage bias?

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Undercoverage bias occurs when some members of the population are inadequately represented in the sample, leading to inaccurate conclusions.

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What is the placebo effect?

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The placebo effect is a phenomenon where participants experience a perceived improvement in condition due to their belief in the treatment, rather than the treatment itself.

Front

What is a response variable?

Back

A response variable is the outcome that is measured in an experiment to see if it is affected by changes in the explanatory variable.

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What is the significance of wording in survey questions?

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The wording of survey questions can significantly influence responses, leading to different interpretations and potentially biased results.

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What is a voluntary response sample?

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A voluntary response sample consists of individuals who choose to participate in a survey, often leading to biased results as those with strong opinions are more likely to respond.