LOTE 613 - Language Acquisition and Teaching Concepts

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L1

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Language 1 - the language a person already knows

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L2

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Language 2 - the language a person is learning or has learned

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BICS

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Basic Interpersonal Communicative Skills - basic conversation skills that most students learn quickly, often within one year

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CALP

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Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency - academic language and terminology which students need to understand in order to do well in an academic setting; this usually takes a few years to develop

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Realia

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An authentic item from a target language culture, like a birthday invitation, a store receipt, a magazine, etc.

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Interlanguage

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A linguistic system that develops when someone is learning L2 but has not yet mastered it; they preserve some features of L1 and 'overgeneralize' rules for L2.

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Larry Selinker

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Proposed the interlanguage theory, stating that language learners communicate in L2 while making mistakes related to L1 and also overgeneralizing grammar rules they have learned.

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Cognitive processing theories in language acquisition

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There are cognitive processes involved in L1 and L2. One notable difference is that L2 learners are almost always older and already have a knowledge base about how language works. This will affect how they learn and process L2.

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Communicative language teaching

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These theories emphasize the use of interaction and communication in the teaching and learning of a language. Often role-plays, games, and interviews are used; culturally authentic texts in L2 are employed.

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Noam Chomsky

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A linguist and linguistics scholar who influenced the communicative approach. He developed theories like the Nativist perspective and Universal Grammar.