AP Psychology Learning Flashcard

Front

Which of the following is the best example of shaping? A child receives five dollars each time he cleans his room., An employee receives a termination notice after coming to work late every day over a period of three months, A child gets candy from a dispenser one time but gets nothing from the dispenser the next two times., A teacher rewards a student for sitting quietly for ten minutes on Monday, fifteen minutes on Tuesday, twenty minutes on Wednesday, and thirty minutes on Thursday., A rat receives a mild shock each time it tries to open the door of its cage.

Back

A teacher rewards a student for sitting quietly for ten minutes on Monday, fifteen minutes on Tuesday, twenty minutes on Wednesday, and thirty minutes on Thursday.

Front

After several trials during which a dog is given a certain kind of food at the same time that a specific tone is sounded, there is evidence of conditioning if the dog salivates when: the tone only is presented, the food only is presented, the food and tone are presented together, a different tone is presented with the food, a different kind of food is presented without a tone.

Back

the tone only is presented

Front

In the scenario where Susie's husband flinches when he hears her say "goodbye" after many mornings of hearing it followed by a door slam, what is hearing the word "goodbye"?

Back

conditioned stimulus

Front

What is the most reasonable prediction about Emiko’s cat’s meowing for food after she sometimes ignores it and sometimes feeds it when it meows? Options: It will disappear due to extinction, It will decrease overall but not extinguish., It will remain unchanged due to a continuous schedule of reinforcement., It will increase due to a variable schedule of reinforcement., It will increase due to positive punishment.

Back

It will increase due to a variable schedule of reinforcement.

Front

Because studies of learning show that events occurring close together in time are easier to associate than those occurring at widely different times, parents should probably avoid which of the following? Corporal punishment, Mild punishment, Consistent punishment, Inescapable punishment, Delay of punishment

Back

Delay of punishment

Front

An individual’s fear of dogs that is lost as the individual is exposed to dogs in nonthreatening situations is referred to by behaviorists as a fear that has been

Back

extinguished (extinction)

Front

For extinction to occur, which of the following must be true of the conditioned response (CR), the conditioned stimulus (CS), and the unconditioned stimulus (UCS)? Options: The CR occurs after the CS but does not occur after other stimuli., The CR occurs after a stimulus that is similar to the CS, The CS and the UCS are repeatedly paired, and the CR gains strength., The CS is repeatedly presented in the absence of the UCS, and the CR loses strength., When the CR loses strength, a rest period is given, after which the CS again elicits the CR.

Back

The CS is repeatedly presented in the absence of the UCS, and the CR loses strength.

Front

In Ivan Pavlov's experiments in classical conditioning, the dog's salivation was

Back

both an unconditioned and a conditioned response

Front

Learned helplessness is most likely to result when: responses have no effect on the environment, young organisms fail to imprint at the critical period, a response is reinforced independently, reinforcement occurs on an intermittent schedule, an organism receives negative reinforcement

Back

responses have no effect on the environment

Front

A child who learns that spoons are tableware and then correctly calls forks and knives tableware is demonstrating

Back

stimulus generalization