2.3 Biotechnology Review

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What is a DNA Fingerprint?

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A DNA Fingerprint is a pattern of DNA fragments that is unique to an individual, used in forensics to identify people based on their DNA.

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What is Gel Electrophoresis?

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Gel Electrophoresis is a laboratory method used to separate mixtures of DNA, RNA, or proteins according to their size and charge.

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What does PCR stand for and what is its purpose?

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PCR stands for Polymerase Chain Reaction, and it is a technique used to make millions of copies of a specific DNA segment.

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What is Recombinant DNA?

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Recombinant DNA is DNA that has been artificially created by combining DNA from different organisms.

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What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

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tRNA (transfer RNA) is responsible for bringing amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, matching them to the appropriate codons on the mRNA.

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What is the function of Restriction Enzymes?

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Restriction Enzymes are proteins that cut DNA at specific sequences, which is essential for genetic engineering and cloning.

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What is the significance of Golden Rice?

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Golden Rice is a genetically modified plant that has been engineered to produce beta-carotene, a precursor to vitamin A, to combat vitamin A deficiency.

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What is the difference between mRNA and tRNA?

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mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, while tRNA (transfer RNA) brings amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

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What is an Allele?

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An Allele is a variant form of a gene that can produce different traits in an organism.

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What is a Plasmid?

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A Plasmid is a small, circular piece of DNA that is separate from chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently, often used in genetic engineering.