Macro and Micro Bone Anatomy

Front

What is the periosteum?

Back

The periosteum is a dense layer of vascular connective tissue that envelops the bones except at the surfaces of the joints. It serves as an attachment point for muscles and contains nerves and blood vessels.

Front

What are perforating (Volkmann's) canals?

Back

Perforating (Volkmann's) canals are channels in bone that transmit blood vessels from the periosteum into the bone. They run perpendicular to the Haversian canals and help connect the vascular supply of the periosteum to the bone.

Front

What are Central (Haversian) canals?

Back

Central (Haversian) canals are the central channels in the osteon that contain blood vessels and nerves. They run parallel to the long axis of the bone and are surrounded by concentric lamellae.

Front

What is an osteon?

Back

An osteon, or Haversian system, is the fundamental functional unit of compact bone. It consists of a central canal surrounded by concentric layers of bone matrix and osteocytes.

Front

What are osteocytes?

Back

Osteocytes are mature bone cells that maintain bone tissue. They reside in small cavities called lacunae and communicate with other bone cells through tiny channels called canaliculi.

Front

What are lamellae?

Back

Lamellae are thin layers of bone matrix that form the structural framework of the osteon. They are arranged concentrically around the central canal.

Front

What is the function of osteoblasts?

Back

Osteoblasts are bone-forming cells that synthesize and secrete the bone matrix. They play a crucial role in bone growth and repair.

Front

What is the role of lacunae in bone anatomy?

Back

Lacunae are small cavities in bone that house osteocytes. They allow for the exchange of nutrients and waste between osteocytes and the blood supply.

Front

How do canaliculi function in bone tissue?

Back

Canaliculi are tiny channels that connect lacunae to each other and to the central canal. They facilitate communication and nutrient exchange between osteocytes.

Front

What is the difference between compact bone and spongy bone?

Back

Compact bone is dense and forms the outer layer of bones, providing strength. Spongy bone, or cancellous bone, is lighter and contains trabecular structures, providing support and housing bone marrow.