Protein Synthesis

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What is Protein Synthesis?

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The process by which cells generate proteins, involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to amino acids.

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What is Transcription?

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The process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA, specifically mRNA, which occurs in the nucleus.

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What is Translation?

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The process of decoding mRNA to synthesize proteins, occurring in the ribosome.

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What is a Codon?

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A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid.

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Where does Translation occur?

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In the ribosome, which can be found in the cytoplasm.

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What is the role of mRNA?

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mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

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What is the role of tRNA?

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tRNA transports specific amino acids to the ribosome during translation.

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What is the start codon?

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AUG, which signals the beginning of protein synthesis.

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What is the end codon?

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UAA, UAG, or UGA, which signal the termination of protein synthesis.

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Why is the nucleus important for transcription?

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Because DNA cannot leave the nucleus, transcription must occur there to produce mRNA.