Biology 3B Review

Front

What is a phospholipid bilayer?

Back

A phospholipid bilayer is a double layer of phospholipids that makes up the cell membrane, providing a barrier that separates the interior of the cell from the external environment.

Front

What are phospholipids?

Back

Phospholipids are molecules that consist of a hydrophilic (water-attracting) 'head' and two hydrophobic (water-repelling) 'tails', forming the fundamental structure of cell membranes.

Front

What are embedded protein molecules?

Back

Embedded protein molecules, or integral proteins, are proteins that are permanently attached to the biological membrane and play key roles in transporting substances across the membrane.

Front

What are cristae?

Back

Cristae are the folds of the inner membrane of mitochondria, increasing the surface area for chemical reactions involved in energy production.

Front

What is the inner membrane of a mitochondrion?

Back

The inner membrane of a mitochondrion is the membrane that encloses the mitochondrial matrix and is where the electron transport chain and ATP synthesis occur.

Front

What is the outer membrane of a mitochondrion?

Back

The outer membrane of a mitochondrion is the membrane that surrounds the organelle, containing proteins that allow the passage of ions and small molecules.

Front

What is a granum?

Back

A granum is a stack of thylakoids in chloroplasts, where the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place.

Front

What are thylakoids?

Back

Thylakoids are membrane-bound compartments inside chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll and are the site of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.

Front

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Back

The cell membrane regulates what enters and exits the cell, providing protection and structural support.

Front

What is the role of carbohydrates in the cell membrane?

Back

Carbohydrates in the cell membrane are involved in cell recognition and signaling, often attached to proteins or lipids.