DNA Mutations

Front

What is a DNA mutation?

Back

A DNA mutation is a change in the nucleotide sequence of an organism's DNA, which can lead to changes in the structure and function of proteins.

Front

What are the two main types of mutations?

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The two main types of mutations are point mutations (which include substitutions) and frameshift mutations (which include insertions and deletions).

Front

What is a frameshift mutation?

Back

A frameshift mutation occurs when nucleotides are added or deleted from the DNA sequence, altering the reading frame of the genetic code.

Front

What is a substitution mutation?

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A substitution mutation is a type of mutation where one nucleotide is replaced by another, potentially changing one amino acid in a protein.

Front

What is an insertion mutation?

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An insertion mutation occurs when one or more nucleotides are added to the DNA sequence, which can lead to a frameshift.

Front

What is a deletion mutation?

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A deletion mutation occurs when one or more nucleotides are removed from the DNA sequence, which can also lead to a frameshift.

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What is an inversion mutation?

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An inversion mutation is a chromosomal mutation where a segment of DNA is reversed end to end.

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What is a translocation mutation?

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A translocation mutation occurs when a segment of DNA is moved from one location to another, either within the same chromosome or to a different chromosome.

Front

What is the impact of a frameshift mutation on protein synthesis?

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A frameshift mutation can lead to a completely different protein being produced, as it alters the reading frame and can change all subsequent amino acids.

Front

What is the difference between a point mutation and a frameshift mutation?

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A point mutation involves a change in a single nucleotide, while a frameshift mutation involves the addition or deletion of nucleotides, changing the reading frame.