Central Dogma

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What is the Central Dogma of molecular biology?

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The Central Dogma describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein, outlining the processes of replication, transcription, and translation.

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What is DNA replication?

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DNA replication is the process by which a cell makes an exact copy of its DNA, ensuring that each new cell receives a complete set of genetic information.

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What is transcription?

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Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template, where the DNA sequence is converted into a complementary RNA sequence.

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What is translation?

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Translation is the process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins using the mRNA sequence as a template, translating the genetic code into amino acids.

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What is a mutation?

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A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to alterations in gene function and can be caused by various factors, including environmental influences.

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What is a nonsense mutation?

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A nonsense mutation is a type of mutation that introduces a premature stop codon in the mRNA, leading to a truncated and usually nonfunctional protein.

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What is a silent mutation?

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A silent mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that does not alter the amino acid sequence of the resulting protein, often occurring in non-coding regions.

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What is a frameshift mutation?

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A frameshift mutation occurs when nucleotides are inserted or deleted from the DNA sequence, shifting the reading frame and altering the entire downstream amino acid sequence.

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What is the role of tRNA in translation?

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tRNA (transfer RNA) carries specific amino acids to the ribosome during translation, matching its anticodon with the codon on the mRNA to ensure the correct amino acid sequence.

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What is the function of DNA polymerase?

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DNA polymerase is an enzyme that synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides to a growing DNA chain during replication.