Biotechnology

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What is biotechnology?

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Biotechnology is the use of living organisms or their products to develop or create useful products, often involving genetic manipulation.

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What is gel electrophoresis?

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Gel electrophoresis is a laboratory technique used to separate DNA fragments based on their size by applying an electric field to a gel matrix.

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What does PCR stand for?

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PCR stands for Polymerase Chain Reaction, a method used to rapidly make billions of copies of a specific DNA sample.

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What is the purpose of DNA separation in gel electrophoresis?

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The purpose is to analyze the size and quantity of DNA fragments, which can help in genetic analysis and identification.

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How do smaller DNA fragments behave in gel electrophoresis?

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Smaller DNA fragments move faster through the gel compared to larger fragments.

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What is genetic engineering?

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Genetic engineering is the direct manipulation of an organism's genes using biotechnology to alter its characteristics.

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What is cloning in biotechnology?

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Cloning is the process of creating a genetically identical copy of an organism or a cell.

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What is the role of restriction enzymes in genetic engineering?

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Restriction enzymes cut DNA at specific sequences, allowing scientists to manipulate genes for cloning or analysis.

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What is a DNA ladder in gel electrophoresis?

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A DNA ladder is a set of known DNA fragments used as a reference to determine the size of unknown DNA samples.

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What is the significance of the buffer solution in gel electrophoresis?

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The buffer solution maintains the pH and provides ions that help conduct electricity during the electrophoresis process.