ES Unit 4 Review

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What is primary succession?

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Primary succession is the ecological process that occurs in an area where no soil exists, starting with bare rock and leading to the establishment of a biological community.

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What are pioneer species?

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Pioneer species are the first organisms to colonize previously uninhabited or disturbed environments, playing a crucial role in the process of ecological succession.

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What is secondary succession?

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Secondary succession is the ecological process that occurs in an area where a disturbance has destroyed an existing community but left the soil intact, allowing for a faster recovery.

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What is a climax community?

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A climax community is a stable and mature ecological community that has reached a steady state, typically characterized by a diverse array of species.

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What are invasive species?

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Invasive species are non-native organisms that spread rapidly in a new environment, often causing harm to native species and ecosystems.

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How do invasive species affect native species?

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Invasive species often compete with native species for resources, leading to declines in native populations and biodiversity.

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What is mutualism?

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Mutualism is a type of symbiotic relationship where both organisms involved benefit from the interaction.

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What is the role of producers in an ecosystem?

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Producers, such as plants and phytoplankton, are organisms that create their own food through photosynthesis and form the base of the food chain.

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What is the role of primary consumers?

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Primary consumers are organisms that eat producers; they are typically herbivores that feed on plants.

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What is the role of secondary consumers?

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Secondary consumers are organisms that eat primary consumers; they can be carnivores or omnivores.