Photosynthesis and Cell Respiration

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What is Photosynthesis?

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Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose, using carbon dioxide and water.

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What are Autotrophs?

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Autotrophs are organisms that produce their own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis, such as plants and some bacteria.

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What are Heterotrophs?

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Heterotrophs are organisms that cannot produce their own food and must consume other organisms for energy, such as animals and fungi.

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What is Cellular Respiration?

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Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy (ATP), carbon dioxide, and water.

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What is Glycolysis?

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Glycolysis is the first step of cellular respiration that occurs in the cytoplasm, where glucose is broken down into pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP.

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What is the Kreb's Cycle?

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The Kreb's Cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle, is a series of chemical reactions in the mitochondria that generates ATP, NADH, and FADH2 from acetyl-CoA.

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What is the Electron Transport Chain (ETC)?

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The Electron Transport Chain is a series of protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane that transfer electrons and pump protons to produce ATP.

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Where does the Calvin Cycle occur?

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The Calvin Cycle occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts, where carbon dioxide is fixed into glucose using ATP and NADPH.

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What is ATP?

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ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the primary energy carrier in cells, consisting of adenine, ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups.

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How is energy stored in ATP?

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Energy in ATP is stored in the high-energy phosphate bonds between the phosphate groups.