Front

What is oxidation in biological terms?

Back

Oxidation is the loss of hydrogen or electrons during a chemical reaction.

Front

What is the likely result of a mutation in a DNA sequence coding for an enzyme?

Back

The enzyme will most likely fold in a way that makes its shape incompatible with the substrate and the enzyme will not function correctly.

Front

What is the direct by-product of splitting water molecules during photosynthesis?

Back

Oxygen is released as a direct by-product.

Front

Where is ATP synthase located in the chloroplast?

Back

ATP synthase is located in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast.

Front

What supplies the electrons lost in Photosystem I (PS I)?

Back

The electrons from Photosystem II (PS II) supply the electrons lost in PS I.

Front

Define chemiosmosis in the context of cellular energetics.

Back

Chemiosmosis is the movement of ions across a selectively permeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradient, which is used to generate ATP.

Front

What role does NADP+ play in photosynthesis?

Back

NADP+ acts as an electron carrier, accepting electrons during the light reactions to form NADPH.

Front

Explain the significance of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration.

Back

The electron transport chain is crucial for ATP production, as it transfers electrons through a series of proteins, creating a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis.

Front

What is the function of ATP in cellular processes?

Back

ATP serves as the primary energy currency of the cell, providing energy for various biochemical reactions.

Front

Describe the process of photolysis in photosynthesis.

Back

Photolysis is the process of splitting water molecules using light energy, releasing oxygen and providing electrons for the photosynthetic electron transport chain.